AWG Wire Size Chart

Electrical wire gauge reference for HVAC installations

AWG Wire Specifications & Ampacity

Copper conductor ampacity ratings per NEC Table 310.16. Based on 30°C (86°F) ambient temperature.

AWG Diameter (mm) Area (mm²) Resistance (Ω/km) 60°C (TW) 75°C (THW) 90°C (THWN-2) Typical HVAC Use
18 1.02 0.82 21.0 - - 14A Thermostat wire
16 1.29 1.31 13.2 - - 18A Control circuits
14 1.63 2.08 8.28 15A 20A 25A 15A circuits, small AC
12 2.05 3.31 5.21 20A 25A 30A 20A circuits, 1-1.5 ton AC
10 2.59 5.26 3.28 30A 35A 40A 2-3 ton AC, heat pumps
8 3.26 8.37 2.06 40A 50A 55A 3-5 ton AC, large heat pumps
6 4.11 13.30 1.30 55A 65A 75A 5-7 ton AC, commercial
4 5.19 21.15 0.815 70A 85A 95A Large commercial
3 5.83 26.67 0.646 85A 100A 115A Service entrance
2 6.54 33.62 0.513 95A 115A 130A Service entrance
1 7.35 42.41 0.406 110A 130A 145A Main service
1/0 8.25 53.49 0.322 125A 150A 170A Main service
2/0 9.27 67.43 0.256 145A 175A 195A Main service
3/0 10.40 85.03 0.203 165A 200A 225A 200A service
4/0 11.68 107.2 0.161 195A 230A 260A 200A+ service

* Ampacity based on NEC Table 310.16 for copper conductors in raceway/cable. Derate for ambient temperature >30°C, bundled conductors, or continuous loads.

AWG to mm² Quick Reference

AWG mm² Common Metric
180.820.75 mm²
161.311.5 mm²
142.082.5 mm²
123.314 mm²
105.266 mm²
88.3710 mm²
613.316 mm²
421.225 mm²
233.635 mm²
1/053.550 mm²

Insulation Temperature Ratings

60°C (140°F)

TW, UF - Basic insulation. Indoor use, dry locations.

75°C (167°F)

THW, THWN, XHHW - Most common. Wet/dry locations.

90°C (194°F)

THWN-2, XHHW-2, THHN - High temp. Conduit/raceway.

Note: NEC requires using the 75°C column for most terminations, even with 90°C wire.

Voltage Drop Reference

Maximum recommended voltage drop: 3% for branch circuits, 5% total (feeder + branch).

AWG Maximum One-Way Distance (feet) for 3% Drop
15A @ 120V 20A @ 120V 30A @ 240V 50A @ 240V
14 50 ft 38 ft 50 ft -
12 79 ft 59 ft 79 ft 48 ft
10 125 ft 94 ft 125 ft 75 ft
8 199 ft 149 ft 199 ft 119 ft
6 316 ft 237 ft 316 ft 189 ft

Voltage Drop Formula: VD = (2 × L × I × R) / 1000
Where: L = one-way length (ft), I = current (A), R = resistance (Ω/1000ft)
Percentage: VD% = (VD / V) × 100

HVAC Equipment Wiring Quick Guide

Equipment Typical Load Min. Wire Breaker Notes
1 Ton Split AC (240V) 5-7A 14 AWG 15A Check nameplate
2 Ton Split AC (240V) 8-12A 12 AWG 20A Most common residential
3 Ton Split AC (240V) 12-18A 10 AWG 25-30A Verify MCA/MOP
5 Ton Split AC (240V) 18-25A 8 AWG 35-40A Verify MCA/MOP
Electric Furnace (10kW) 42A 8 AWG 50A May need 6 AWG
Heat Pump (3 Ton) 15-20A 10 AWG 30A Aux heat separate

Important: Always use equipment nameplate MCA (Minimum Circuit Ampacity) for wire sizing and MOP (Maximum Overcurrent Protection) for breaker sizing. These values take into account starting current and other factors.